Showing posts with label rwanda. Show all posts
Showing posts with label rwanda. Show all posts

Monday, December 18, 2017

Genocide in Rwanda, Day 7 - Class Recap


The United Nations negotiating table between South and North Korea. We watched Hotel Rwanda in class today, which also has the United Nations involved. Photo taken in January 2014.

Dear class,

Welcome back to a short week, as we start Winter Break on Thursday! Today, we started watching Hotel Rwanda. Here's what happened in class today:

Learning Targets:
Knowledge LT 20: I can identify the critical components of imperialism.
Communication LT 1:  I can communicate effectively, both verbally and in writing
Behavior LT 3: I can communicate and work effectively within a team or group.

Soundtrack: “Tarihinda” by Cécile Kayirebwa. Selected for today because Ms. Kayirebwa is one of the most famous singers in Rwanda. The song is about mothers. Listen again to it here.

AGENDA 12/18/17:
News Brief - Faith
Speech Debrief
Hotel Rwanda

Homework: Read the blog. Work on any late or incomplete work - especially turning in your individual Rwanda speech online if you have not already. Next news brief: Manny C.

News Brief: Faith selected this story for the news brief: BBC.com - Saudi Prince bin Salman 'was mystery buyer' of $320m house. We found France in our world maps and noted we did a news brief there, before moving on to talk about what we were up to outside of class.

I also talked about this story: NYTimes.com - Rwanda Accuses France of Complicity in 1994 Genocide.  The reason I chose this should not be a surprise: there are lots of references to Rwanda in this story. I talked about the ongoing legacy of the genocide in Rwanda and why it continues to be an issue today.

We also watched the one minute BBC World News update. Here's the link to see the latest one minute update, at any time of day (it will probably be different from what we watched in class):

Speech Debrief: Before we started watching Hotel Rwanda, I asked for some thoughts about the Rwanda speeches. Thanks for the feedback given! I really enjoy that activity, and as I said in class, I'm always so proud of my classes. Never a doubt in my mind that you would impress the administration in the room!

Hotel Rwanda: The rest of class was spent watching the movie Hotel Rwanda (2004). I normally do not show entire movies in class, but this one is SO good and relevant to the Rwanda unit. Here is the worksheet of questions to answer as we watched:


We watched about 59 minutes in class, and will hopefully get to finish next class.

At the end of class, I asked again for any revised copies of the individual Rwanda speech (which I will be grading soon). If you are needing it to work on it, here it is again:


See you next class, for our last school day of 2017!

Thursday, December 14, 2017

Genocide in Rwanda, Day 6 - Class Recap


A look at the view from the podium for the United Nations speeches about Rwanda!

Hi everyone,

You all did such an amazing job today! I am so proud of you and your effort in these speeches! It was an inspiration to be able to see how well you communicated about the genocide and the learning targets for the unit. Here's what happened in class today:

Learning Targets:
Knowledge LT 20: I can identify the critical components of imperialism.
Communication LT 1:  I can communicate effectively, both verbally and in writing
Behavior LT 3: I can communicate and work effectively within a team or group.

Soundtrack: "Heroes" by David Bowie. Selected for today because you got to be heroes for the people of Rwanda. Lyrics here.

AGENDA 12/14/17:
News Brief - Jaden W.
Setting the Stage
United Nations Speeches
Debrief

Homework: Read the blog. Turn in any late or incomplete work, and the individual copy of your United Nations speech ASAP on Google Classroom. Next news brief: Faith.

News Brief: Jaden W. had the news brief today and selected an article about this story to bring in: NYTimes.com - Rwanda Accuses France of Complicity in 1994 Genocide. Wow! What a relevant and interesting article! I encourage everyone to check it out! Thanks, Jaden.

Faith was selected to do the next news brief. We did not watch BBC World News today, due to the time with speeches, but here it is to watch, if you want to.

Setting the Stage: Right after the news brief, I went over exactly how the speeches would work in class and gave about 10-15 minutes for groups to get ready and organized, then we started.

United Nations Speeches: I LOVED these! Again, the vast majority of students did such a good job with this! The basic set up was to have a group come up and line up behind the podium, do their speech in order, then listen as the panel at the front (for your class, it was fellow Global Studies teacher Pat McCreery and the Westview Dean of Students, Jeannie Seamone, along with myself) gave positive feedback about how your speeches went.

I really appreciated your effort and willingness to speak up about Rwanda! I know that the panel was impressed. I also wanted to make sure and publicly thank Mr. McCreery and Ms. Seamone for being willing to give their time to come see you speak. What a cool community we have at Westview!

At the end of class, I had everyone (who had not already done so) turn in their individual speeches (five paragraphs) with the rubric attached.

Here's the assignment sheet again, if you are needing it to find the rubrics to turn in with your revised paper:


Thank you all so much again for your hard work today and in the build up for it! You totally rock! I am very proud of everyone. See you next class! :-)

Tuesday, December 12, 2017

Genocide in Rwanda, Day 5 - Class Recap


My mom, Amanda Fritz, giving a speech after she was elected to Portland City Council in 2008. Photo taken by my dad!

Hi everyone,

Today was our last day of preparation for the Rwanda speech in front of the United Nations! Lots of tips and stuff to talk about. Here's what happened in class today:

Learning Targets:
Knowledge LT 20: I can identify the critical components of imperialism.
Communication LT 1:  I can communicate effectively, both verbally and in writing.

Soundtrack: "Man in the Mirror" by Michael Jackson. Selected because you get to "make that change" with your speech, and also, practicing in front of a mirror is a good strategy to prepare for a speech. Lyrics here.

AGENDA 12/12/17:
News Brief - Kaylee
Brainstorm Public Speaking
Rwanda Video
Speech Work Time

Homework: Read the blog. The United Nations group speech in front of an administrator is next class! Practice! Dress up (if possible)! Be ready to go with your group! Also, if you haven't turned in your revised/final individual speech, please do so ASAP. Next news brief: Jaden W.

News Brief: Kaylee had the news brief today and selected an article about this story: Albawaba.com - ISIS Attack Kills 13 Iraqi Fighters in Mosul. We found Iraq in our world maps again, and talked about what is going on with ISIS in Iraq. Thanks, Kaylee.

Jaden W. was selected to do the next news brief.

We also watched the one minute BBC World News update. Here's the link to see the latest one minute update, at any time of day (it will probably be different from what we watched in class):


Brainstorm: Public Speaking: We talked in class about some tips for giving a good speech. I used two video clips for this:


The 2014 National Champion of Original Oratory, Andrea Ambam.

I only showed the first two minutes or so of this in class, but the point was hopefully made clear. She does a great job of knowing her material, standing straight, using hand gestures to be engaging, making eye contact, and varying her tone of voice.

As a class, we thought of good public speaking tips. Here's what we came up with:

Eye contact around the crowd
Having some sort of “hook”
Start of wide (big ideas) and then get specific
Keep people engaged by using emotion
Speak clearly
Relate to the content
Hand gestures
Dress the part (if you can)
Posture
Know your content

Next, I showed this five minute video from Toastmasters (an organization devoted to helping people with public speaking):


I hope that all of this made everyone feel better, or at least, provide some tips on how to feel better about the speech!

Rwanda Video: Finally, before work time the rest of class, I showed half of this video that an American media company made for Rwanda's tourism department. I wanted to show this to highlight some of the beautiful aspects of Rwanda, as another counter story to what people may typically think.


Group Speech Work Time: The rest of the class was devoted to working on the speech in groups - getting the order down, practicing, and refining. The groups are (some may have six, which means that the group will have four middle speakers on speech day):

Group 1:
Arno
Jaycee
Kaylee
Michael
Sean

Group 2:
Hanrui
Zachary
Yash
Emmanuel M
Ellie
Kallie

Group 3:
Andrew
Manny C
Kate
Faith
Anya
Jaden W

Group 4:
Daniel
Jackson
Jordyn
Shaylee
Darren
Dahson

Group 5:
Skyla
Kyle
Zion
Jaden S
Chloe

Group 6:
Maria
Kenzie
Riley
Sebastian
Noah

Here's the assignment sheet again, if you are needing it to find the rubrics to turn in with your revised paper:


Please make sure to bring turn in revised final copy of your speech (if you have not turned it in already), for me to grade, by next class! Be prepared and confident in your speech - I know you will all be great! Let me know if there is anything else I can do to help!

Friday, December 8, 2017

Genocide in Rwanda, Day 4 - Class Recap


The headquarters of the United Nations is in New York City, but another main campus is in Geneva, Switzerland (above). Photo taken in 2017.

Dear class,

I hope that today was productive for you and your group! I certainly enjoyed reading over your speeches and trying to help everyone revise them. Here's what happened in class today:

Learning Targets:
Knowledge LT 20: I can identify the critical components of imperialism.
Communication LT 1:  I can communicate effectively, both verbally and in writing.

Soundtrack: "Somali Udiida Ceb (Somalia, Don't Shame Yourself)" by Maryam Mursal. Selected because Somalia has a direct impact on why the United States was reluctant to do anything to stop the genocide in Rwanda. Listen to the song here.

AGENDA 12/8/17:
News Brief - Kaylee (Mr. Fritz)
Hutu Ten Commandments
Peer Review
Group Speech Work

Homework: Read the blog. Revised/edited Rwanda speech due. Submit your revisions on Google Classroom, and continue to refine your paragraph that your group decided to use for the speech. The Rwanda resources will help. Next news brief: Kaylee or Jackson.

News Brief: Kaylee had the news brief today and selected an article about this story: NBCNews.com - Iran-sponsored hackers have targeted Israel, Saudis, Turkey since 2014. We found Iran in the world map packet and talked about this important story.

Kaylee was selected to do the next news brief last class, so will have the next one.

We also watched the one minute BBC World News update. Here's the link to see the latest one minute update, at any time of day (it will probably be different from what we watched in class):


Finally, we checked in about the weekend and what everyone is up to.

Hutu Ten Commandments: I talked about this right after the news, as yet another aspect in the lead up to the Rwandan genocide that students could write about for the speech:


Again, it was not a surprise at all that a genocide occurred, with words like that being used, years in advance. This would count as part of the Polarization stage of genocide.

Peer Review: I passed out a review sheet and went over exactly what everyone should be looking at, as far as their papers being revised. Here it is - if you missed class, please complete it!


Basically, you need to be sure to talk about the United Nations definition of genocide and the role that imperialism (especially Belgium's classification of Hutus and Tutsis) had in starting the ongoing genocide. Here's the Imperialism PowerPoint again, if you wanted to look in more depth. Hint: you cannot say that Hutus are promoting imperialism against the Tutsis. That's not imperialism at all.


I tried to give feedback on as many papers during class as I possibly could - I apologize for not being able to get through everyone! Fortunately, the groups should have helped a lot in revisions, too.

Group Speech Work Time: The rest of the class was devoted to working on the speech in groups. Next class, you will be refining and practicing your speeches. The groups are (some may have six, which means that the group will have four middle speakers on speech day):

Group 1:
Arno
Jaycee
Kaylee
Michael
Sean

Group 2:
Hanrui
Zachary
Yash
Emmanuel M
Ellie
Kallie

Group 3:
Andrew
Manny C
Kate
Faith
Anya
Jaden W

Group 4:
Daniel
Jackson
Jordyn
Shaylee
Darren
Dahson

Group 5:
Skyla
Kyle
Zion
Jaden S
Chloe

Group 6:
Maria
Kenzie
Riley
Sebastian
Noah

I used the Random.org List Generator to make the groups. :-)

While everyone worked in groups, I tried as hard as I could to look at the papers that were turned in and immediately get them back with feedback. Here were the elements I most commonly saw as being needed for addition in the speeches:

1) Need to mention United Nations definition of genocide, made in 1948, after the Holocaust.
2) Need to connect classification of the Hutus and Tutsis to the legacy of Belgium’s imperialism.
3) Asking the United Nations for something SPECIFIC. Not just “do something.” Say “more troops” “more funding” “more awareness – declare this as what it is: genocide.”

Here are the directions, from earlier in the unit:

The final assignment for the unit and before break is a speech before a mock United Nations, in class. You will be pretending that it is April 24, 1994 - the actual date that arguments were ongoing at the United Nations Security Council about how to respond to the conflict in Rwanda.

There are a few steps in the process to prepare for the speech, which will be given on Thursday, December 14 for A Day and Friday, December 15 for B Day. The first is to write a persuasive essay (in the form of a speech you could give). Here's the assignment:


As a reminder, this will eventually be a formal speech before break that you give as a part of a group, in front of the class, with myself and another teacher and/or administrator (like Dr. Franco) listening. You are going to need to persuade us to act and do something!

To prepare for this, I passed out a class set of copies of three things:

1) The United Nations definition of genocide, as agreed to by the world in 1949. This is helpful, because if you can persuade the United Nations that genocide is occurring in Rwanda, they HAVE to act (because that's what they agreed to).

2) The Eight Stages of Genocide. I read over the stages, but not all of the content describing them. There is a lot of information that might help you craft your speech! You can certainly talk about every stage of genocide, occurring in Rwanda, up to April 24, 1994. Here are some hints on how to do this.

3) A reading that goes over more of the history in Rwanda, what happened during the genocide, and the end. Remember, you can't talk about anything after April 24, 1994, but you can make predictions as to what will happen if the United Nations refuses to act! The reading is pages 5-10 here:


Another resource that might help could be your Cornell Notes from last class, which was on this presentation:


Please be sure to ask me if you have any questions or need help in any way! I'm really excited to see what you can come up with! :-)

Wednesday, December 6, 2017

Genocide in Rwanda, Day 3 - Class Recap


My wife and I sponsor a child in Rwanda through a charity organization. These are what the stamps on letters out of the capital city of Kigali look like.

Hi everyone,

Two more weeks of work until a nice break! Lots to do - today, we looked more into Imperialism and Privilege, as I asked students to think about how they may have impacted Rwanda. Here's what happened in class today:

Learning Targets:
Knowledge LT 20: I can identify the critical components of imperialism.
Communication LT 1:  I can communicate effectively, both verbally and in writing.
Critical Thinking LT 1: I can explain multiple perspectives and viewpoints.

Soundtrack: "Africa for Norway" by SAIH - The Norwegian Students’ and Academics’ International Assistance Fund. I was projecting this video as students walked in - it is a humorous look at stereotyping, and how Norwegians should not stereotype Africans, because what if the opposite happened. I read the reasoning behind the video in class.

AGENDA 12/6/17:
News Brief - Kyle
Imperialism
Privilege
Speech Work Time

Homework: Read the blog. Rwanda five paragraph written speech due next class - bring it on your Chromebook. The Rwanda resources will help. Next news brief: Kaylee.

News Brief: Kyle had the news brief today and selected an article about this story: NYTimes.com - Russia Banned From Winter Olympics by I.O.C.. We found Russia in the world map packet and noted we did a news brief there as we talked about what has happened there with regard to steroid use in the past and how it might impact the World Cup there next year, as well.

Kaylee was selected to do the next news brief.

We also watched the one minute BBC World News update. Here's the link to see the latest one minute update, at any time of day (it will probably be different from what we watched in class):

Imperialism: Next, I went over the concepts of imperialism and colonialism, in the form of a PowerPoint. Students took notes (if you took Cornell Notes, all the better) on the presentation.


One of the learning targets associated with this unit is Knowledge LT 20: I can identify the critical components of imperialism. This presentation was to help students understand how to do that, especially in regards to how Belgium had an impact in Rwanda, long after the independence in 1962.

Privilege: Another component of how we look at people in the world is the concept of privilege. Specifically, white privilege - a system of advantages some people get over others, that are often not even recognized. Here is the reading we went through, by Peggy McIntosh:


Basically, I am asking everyone to think about how our privilege here in America (of being a world superpower) relates to our study of Rwanda. Specifically, I think that race has a lot to do with it. We did a quiet activity with this document, which I think was pretty powerful (the Westview teachers recently did this, too). Thank you for your participation here.

As part of this section, I also provided some counter stories to the negativity surrounding Africa. In particular, I highlighted these:


This was about how the highest levels of educational achievement in the United States are from African immigrants.


Since some people believe that Africa is very far behind in technology (and to be certain, some places are), I pointed out this story, which is about how Kenya has a system that is the best in the world for sending payments on the go.

I also showed RisingAfrica.org, which has lots of stories about the positive sides of Africa.

Finally, as a challenge assignment for the students in the class that wanted one, I read the first part of this long article on Paul Kagame, the President of Rwanda. If you want to learn more about why the balance in assessing Kagame is so tricky, and enjoy a reading challenge, here's the entire article:


The first part has to do with how clean and safe Kigali is now, which is related to the counter stories I was trying to present.

Speech Work Time: The rest of the class was devoted to working on your five paragraph written speech, which is due at the start of next class. Here are the directions, from last class:

The final assignment for the unit and before break is a speech before a mock United Nations, in class. You will be pretending that it is April 24, 1994 - the actual date that arguments were ongoing at the United Nations Security Council about how to respond to the conflict in Rwanda.

There are a few steps in the process to prepare for the speech, which will be given next week. The first is to write a persuasive essay (in the form of a speech you could give). This is due in class (typed, on your Chromebook) next class. Here's the assignment:


As a reminder, this will eventually be a formal speech before break that you give as a part of a group, in front of the class, with myself and another teacher and/or administrator (like Dr. Franco) listening. You are going to need to persuade us to act and do something!

To prepare for this, I passed out a class set of copies of three things:

1) The United Nations definition of genocide, as agreed to by the world in 1949. This is helpful, because if you can persuade the United Nations that genocide is occurring in Rwanda, they HAVE to act (because that's what they agreed to).

2) The Eight Stages of Genocide. I read over the stages, but not all of the content describing them. There is a lot of information that might help you craft your speech! You can certainly talk about every stage of genocide, occurring in Rwanda, up to April 24, 1994. Here are some hints on how to do this.

3) A reading that goes over more of the history in Rwanda, what happened during the genocide, and the end. Remember, you can't talk about anything after April 24, 1994, but you can make predictions as to what will happen if the United Nations refuses to act! The reading is pages 5-10 here:


Another resource that might help could be your Cornell Notes from last class, which was on this presentation:


Please be sure to ask me if you have any questions or need help in any way! I'm really excited to see what you can come up with! :-)

Monday, December 4, 2017

Genocide in Rwanda, Day 2 - Class Recap


The results for our class when I asked students to think about five things that come to mind when we think about Africa. I mean, the comparison with Europe makes the differences pretty startling, right?

Dear class,

Today is always one of my favorite days to teach. Not because it is particularly fun to talk about genocide, but because it is SO important that we stop ignoring it, and especially the continent of Africa. If I ignored it, when would you hear about it? What associations would you continue to make? Here's what happened in class today:

Learning Targets:
Knowledge LT 20: I can identify the critical components of imperialism.
Communication LT 1:  I can communicate effectively, both verbally and in writing.
Critical Thinking LT 1: I can explain multiple perspectives and viewpoints.

Soundtrack: "Papaoutai" by Stromae. Selected for today because Stromae is a Belgian-Rwandan musician who lost his father, a Tutsi, in the Rwandan genocide. "Papaoutai" in French translates to "Dad, where are you?" Lyrics here.

AGENDA 12/4/17:
News Brief – Skyla
Debrief Pop Quiz
Scream Bloody Murder
United Nations Speech

Homework: Read the blog, and look at for Rwanda resources, and continue working on your United Nations speech. Next news brief: Kyle.

News Brief: Skyla had the news brief today and selected an article about this story: BBC.com - Ali Abdullah Saleh, Yemen's former leader, killed in Sanaa. A very important story as we make sure to learn about a place in the world that is currently undergoing all sorts of conflict and seriously needs the attention and support of the world! We found Yemen on the world map packet and noted we did a news brief there.

Kyle was selected to do the next news brief.

We also watched the one minute BBC World News update. Here's the link to see the latest one minute update, at any time of day (it will probably be different from what we watched in class):


Finally, we checked in about the weekend and what everyone is up to.

Debrief Pop Quiz: I always enjoy looking at what we know when it comes to Europe and Africa. Here is the PowerPoint with the combined results for your class answers:


It was only fair that I showed my own results, from when I was given this quiz when I was in graduate school, and I said much the same thing. Here's my actual paper from 2008:



As I tried to forcefully point out in class: isn't this stunning? We know that Africa is a place of enormous need. Why don't we know much more about it, then? Why don't we help our fellow human beings, instead of ignoring them and not learning anything about the continent? Taking this quiz inspired me to make sure to talk about the Rwandan genocide (which was only 23 years ago) in my Global Studies classes. It's why it is my favorite unit of the year and one that I have a lot of emotional investment in. I care, and I think it's important that students care about people in the world.

Scream Bloody Murder: This was a section of a documentary from CNN, that aired in 2008 (not so coincidentally, right as I was about to teach this unit for the first time). Here are the three videos I showed in class (caution: some of the material is graphic and difficult to watch and/or listen to):





United Nations Speech:
 I hope that you watched those videos and felt frustrated, angry, and upset. The fact that the United Nations (the global community of countries) and the United States (as the most powerful country in the world) did little, if anything, to prevent or stop the worst genocide in modern world history, is awful.

So, the final assignment for the unit and before break is a speech before a mock United Nations, in class. You will be pretending that it is April 24, 1994 - the actual date that arguments were ongoing at the United Nations Security Council about how to respond to the conflict in Rwanda.

There are a few steps in the process to prepare for the speech, which will be given on Thursday, December 14th. The first is to write a persuasive essay (in the form of a speech you could give). This is due in class (just use your Chromebook or, if you don't want to, bring TWO COPIES, typed) this Friday, December 8th. Here's the assignment:


As a reminder, this will eventually be a formal speech before break that you give as a part of a group, in front of the class, with myself and another teacher and/or administrator listening. You are going to need to persuade us to act and do something!

To prepare for this, I passed out a class set of copies of three things:

1) The United Nations definition of genocide, as agreed to by the world in 1949. This is helpful, because if you can persuade the United Nations that genocide is occurring in Rwanda, they HAVE to act (because that's what they agreed to).

2) The Eight Stages of Genocide. I read over the stages, but not all of the content describing them. There is a lot of information that might help you craft your speech! You can certainly talk about every stage of genocide, occurring in Rwanda, up to April 24, 1994. Here are some hints on how to do this.

3) A reading that goes over more of the history in Rwanda, what happened during the genocide, and the end. Remember, you can't talk about anything after April 24, 1994, but you can make predictions as to what will happen if the United Nations refuses to act! The reading is pages 5-10 here:


Another resource that might help could be your Cornell Notes from last class, which was on this presentation:


There is definitely a LOT to think about here. I am confident that you can write a five paragraph essay in a week! Next class, I will go over the concept of imperialism and colonialism more, and then give the rest of the class as prep time. The typed copy of your individual speech will be due the following class.

Please be sure to ask me if you have any questions or need help in any way! I'm really excited to see what you can come up with! :-)

Friday, January 20, 2017

Genocide in Rwanda, Day 9 - Class Recap


A photo I took of the MAX train on the Steel Bridge in downtown Portland in 2008. It's nice to have the city moving again!

Dear class,

Welcome back to school! Today was spent finishing Hotel Rwanda as we closed down the unit. Here's what happened in class today:

Learning Targets:
Knowledge LT 20: I can identify the critical components of imperialism.
Behavior LT 2: I can self-direct my learning.

Soundtrack: "Million Voices" by Wyclef Jean. Selected for today because we ended the Rwanda unit, and this song is on the Hotel Rwanda soundtrack.

AGENDA 1/20/17:
News Brief - Eric
Hotel Rwanda
Movie Assignment
Make Up/Work Time

Homework: Read the blog. Work on any late or incomplete work for the semester, which is due by next Friday at the latest. Next news brief: Alex.

News Brief: Eric had the news brief today and selected an article about this story to talk about: Reuters.com - Brazil Supreme Court judge handling graft probe killed in plane crash. We talked for a bit in class about this tragic event in Brazil and found it in the world map packet, before continuing on. We also talked about the inauguration today with President Trump and the upcoming protests in Portland the next few days.

Alex was selected to do the next news brief.

We also watched the one minute BBC World News update. Here's the link to see the latest one minute update, at any time of day (it will probably be different from what we watched in class):


Hotel Rwanda/Movie Assignment: We finished the movie today, finally. About a month after it as scheduled to be done! Here is the worksheet of questions to answer as we watched:


I enjoyed going through the answers together in class - this was a good discussion! Thank you!

In wrapping up the unit, I told the class that if they were interested in continuing to talk about issues such as race and ethnicity, they should consider forecasting for my new Diversity and Social Justice class here at Westview. It will be .5 elective credit, team teaching with Ms. Labossiere! If the course happens as we want it and you get it on your schedule, you would be guaranteed (we think!) of having me as your teacher for it, along with Ms. Labossiere. Here is a flyer to check out more information!


Consider it as a part of your forecasting for next year! Forecasting will start in early February. :-)

Make Up/Work Time: Grades have been updated on StudentVUE. Please know what you need to be working on to improve your grade. I tried to conference with students who need to turn in more work to me by next Friday! Keep working hard! We are almost at the end of the semester!

Wednesday, January 18, 2017

Genocide in Rwanda, Day 8 - Class Recap


The sun is setting on the Rwanda unit! Hopefully it had a great impact on you. Next week, we will move on to the last (shorter) unit before finals! Photo taken in Washington, 2009.

Dear class,

Welcome back to school! Today was spent continuing to watch Hotel Rwanda as we close down the unit. Just one more day left! Here's what happened in class today:

Learning Targets:
Knowledge LT 20: I can identify the critical components of imperialism.
Behavior LT 2: I can self-direct my learning.

Soundtrack: "Ice Ice Baby" by Vanilla Ice. Selected for today because of the obvious connection to the snow and ice storm that closed down school for a week! Lyrics here.

AGENDA 1/18/17:
News Brief - Gina
Rwanda Speech Grades
Hotel Rwanda
Movie Assignment

Homework: Read the blog. Work on any late or incomplete work for the semester, which is due by next Friday at the latest. Next news brief: Eric.

News Brief: Gina had the news brief today and selected an article about this story to talk about: BBC.com - Syria conflict: Russia 'withdrawing aircraft carrier group'. We talked for a bit in class about Russia's involvement in Syria and found it in the world map packet, before continuing on.

Eric was selected to do the next news brief.

We also watched the one minute BBC World News update. Here's the link to see the latest one minute update, at any time of day (it will probably be different from what we watched in class):


Rwanda Speech Grades: Since I had so much free time on my hands over the snow/ice break, I graded all of the Rwanda speeches and I am entirely up to date with student grades! In essence:

1) If you did not address imperialism in Rwanda at all, you received a score of 1 on that target.
2) The communication target was the score for your actual speech in front of the class, as well as how well your individual paper followed the format we talked about in class. I included my notes as well as everyone else at the table listening, so you can see what I wrote about how you did.
3) The critical thinking/multiple perspectives target was for talking about the United Nations own definition of genocide, and talking about the perspective of the people of Rwanda during the genocide in your written speech.

If you have individual questions, I would be happy to answer them in person. As with any assignment, you can always revise it (or resubmit it, if you haven't turned it in) to demonstrate a higher level of proficiency, if needed.

Hotel Rwanda/Movie Assignment: We stopped about 1:22 in today. Here is the worksheet of questions to answer as we watched:


Next class, we will finish watching the movie and prepare for finals! Grades have been updated on StudentVUE, as well. Please know what you need to be working on to improve your grade. It was great to see everyone today! Welcome back! :-)

Thursday, January 5, 2017

Genocide in Rwanda, Day 7 - Class Recap


We played the Sporcle country game today as welcome back after the pressure of the Rwanda speeches last class!

Hello everyone,

An official welcome back from break and to 2016! It was so great to see everyone and check in about break, after we had all of last class dedicated to the Rwanda speeches! Here's what happened in class today:

Learning Targets:
Knowledge LT 20: I can identify the critical components of imperialism.
Communication LT 1: I can communicate effectively, both verbally and in writing
Behavior LT 3: I can communicate and work effectively within a team or group.

Soundtrack: "Welcome Back" by Ma$e. Selected for today because it was great to welcome everyone back from break! Lyrics here.

AGENDA 1/5/17:
News Brief - David
Winter Break
Speech Debrief
Hotel Rwanda

Homework: Read the blog. Work on any late or incomplete work - make sure to submit your individual Rwanda speech on Google Classroom if you have not already! Next news brief: Gina.

News Brief: David had the news brief today and chose this story to talk about: BBC.com - Turkey car bomb and gun attack on courthouse in Izmir. We found Turkey in your world map packets (in the Middle East!) and talked a bit about the ongoing situation there with ISIS and Kurdish independence threats.

Gina was selected to do the next news brief.

We also watched the one minute BBC World News update. Here's the link to see the latest one minute update, at any time of day (it will probably be different from what we watched in class):


Break: After the news brief, I gave students some time to check in about how break was and what they were up to with the class. I talked a bit about my break and my experience with going to France and England with my wife!

Speech Debrief: I did not talk about this in class, but this is how I will be grading the Rwanda speeches over the weekend. In essence:

1) If you did not address imperialism in Rwanda at all, you received a score of 1 on that target.
2) The communication target was the score for your actual speech in front of the class, as well as how well your individual paper followed the format we talked about in class. I included my notes as well as everyone else at the table listening, so you can see what I wrote about how you did.
3) The critical thinking/multiple perspectives target was for talking about the United Nations own definition of genocide, and talking about the perspective of the people of Rwanda during the genocide in your written speech.

If you have individual questions, I would be happy to answer them in person. As with any assignment, you can always revise it (or resubmit it, if you haven't turned it in) to demonstrate a higher level of proficiency, if needed. I will hope to get these grades to you next class.

Hotel Rwanda: Before the movie, we played a surprise Sporcle "name the country" game, as evidenced by the top of this post. The rest of class was spent watching the movie Hotel Rwanda (2004). I normally do not show entire movies in class, but this one is SO good and relevant to the Rwanda unit. Here is the worksheet of questions to answer as we watched:


We watched until 36:15 in class, and will watch most of the rest next class

It was so great to see everyone again! Have a great weekend!

Tuesday, January 3, 2017

Genocide in Rwanda, Day 6 - Class Recap


A look at the view from the podium in our room for the United Nations speeches about Rwanda!

Hi everyone,

You all did such an amazing job today! I am so proud of you and your effort in these speeches! It was an inspiration to be able to see how well you communicated about the genocide and the learning targets for the unit. Here's what happened in class today:

Learning Targets:
Knowledge LT 20: I can identify the critical components of imperialism.
Communication LT 1:  I can communicate effectively, both verbally and in writing
Behavior LT 3: I can communicate and work effectively within a team or group.

Soundtrack: "Heroes" by David Bowie. Selected for today because you got to be heroes for the people of Rwanda. Lyrics here.

AGENDA 1/3/17:
News Brief - Mr. Fritz
Setting the Stage
United Nations Speeches
Debrief

Homework: Read the blog. Turn in any late or incomplete work, and the individual copy of your United Nations speech ASAP on Google Classroom. Next news brief: David.

News Brief: Since it had been forever since our last class, last year, I had the news brief and talked about my time in France over the break.

David was selected to do the next news brief. We did not watch BBC World News today, due to the time with speeches, but here it is to watch, if you want to.

Setting the Stage: Right after the news brief, I went over exactly how the speeches would work in class, and talked specifically about a tie that I brought in for students to wear if they wanted, which a friend who went to Rwanda brought back for me. The tie was made by survivors of the genocide, so I thought it was pretty important symbolism as we were talking about needing to prevent it!

After the introduction, I gave about 10-15 minutes for groups to get ready and organized, then we started.

United Nations Speeches: I LOVED these! Again, the vast majority of students did such a good job with this! The basic set up was to have a group come up and line up behind the podium, do their speech in order, then listen as the panel at the front (for your class, it was Principal Dr. Franco and Spanish teacher Mr. Lyman along with myself) gave positive feedback about how your speeches went.

I really appreciated your effort and willingness to speak up about Rwanda! I know that the panel was impressed. I also wanted to make sure and publicly thank Dr. Franco and Mr. Lyman for being willing to give their time to come see you speak. What a cool community we have at Westview!

After the speeches were done, there was not enough time to start Hotel Rwanda, so we will do that next class.

At the end of class, I had everyone (who had not already done so) turn in their individual speeches (five paragraphs) with the rubric attached.

Here's the assignment sheet again, if you are needing it to find the rubrics to turn in with your revised paper:


Thank you all so much again for your hard work today and in the build up for it! You totally rock! I am very proud of everyone. See you next class! :-)

Tuesday, December 13, 2016

Genocide in Rwanda, Day 5 - Class Recap


My mom, Amanda Fritz, giving a speech after she was elected to Portland City Council in 2008. Photo taken by my dad!

Hi everyone,

Today was our last day of preparation for the Rwanda speech in front of the United Nations! Lots of tips and stuff to talk about. Here's what happened in class today:

Learning Targets:
Knowledge LT 20: I can identify the critical components of imperialism.
Communication LT 1:  I can communicate effectively, both verbally and in writing.

Soundtrack: "Man in the Mirror" by Michael Jackson. Selected because you get to "make that change" with your speech, and also, practicing in front of a mirror is a good strategy to prepare for a speech. Lyrics here.

AGENDA 12/13/16:
News Brief - Alyssa
Brainstorm Public Speaking
Rwanda Video
Speech Work Time

Homework: Read the blog. The United Nations group speech in front of an administrator is next class! Practice! Dress up (if possible)! Be ready to go with your group! Also, if you haven't turned in your revised/final individual speech, please do so ASAP on Google Classroom. Next news brief: David.

News Brief: Alyssa had the news brief today and selected an article about this story: CNN.com - South Korea presidential scandal: What you need to know. We found South Korea on our world map packets and talked about the ongoing political situation there. I also made sure to talk about the current situation in Aleppo, Syria, where there are reports of civilians being massacred by the government.

David was selected to do the next news brief.

We also watched the one minute BBC World News update. Here's the link to see the latest one minute update, at any time of day (it will probably be different from what we watched in class):


Brainstorm: Public Speaking: We talked in class about some tips for giving a good speech. I used two video clips for this:


The 2014 National Champion of Original Oratory, Andrea Ambam.

I only showed the first two minutes or so of this in class, but the point was hopefully made clear. She does a great job of knowing her material, standing straight, using hand gestures to be engaging, making eye contact, and varying her tone of voice.

As a class, we thought of good public speaking tips. Here's what we came up with:

Good body language (stand up straight, hand gestures)
Told a joke at the start to draw people (with the Rwanda speeches: be powerful at start - obviously no joking)
Make eye contact with different parts of the audience
Use pauses very effectively
Pronunciation is crisp (clearly practiced)
Take it slow (it is more powerful this way)
Relate to the topic

Next, I showed this five minute video from Toastmasters (an organization devoted to helping people with public speaking):


I hope that all of this made everyone feel better, or at least, provide some tips on how to feel better about the speech!

Rwanda Video: Finally, before work time the rest of class, I showed half of this video that an American media company made for Rwanda's tourism department. I wanted to show this to highlight some of the beautiful aspects of Rwanda, as another counter story to what people may typically think.


Group Speech Work Time: The rest of the class was devoted to working on the speech in groups - getting the order down, practicing, and refining. The groups are (some may have six, which means that the group will have four middle speakers on speech day):

Group 1: Sanjana, Acharya, Jay, Nick, Shea

Group 2: Elijah, Nikhil, Madison, Alyssa, Anecia

Group 3: Alex, Victor, Leah, Daisy, Alondra

Group 4: Matthew, Teja, Paris, Nate, Hailey

Group 5: Garrett, Karly, David, Kinjal, Ed

Group 6: Jungmi, Anish, Eric, Ashwin, Rachel

Group 7: Shriyan, Carter, Kira, Gina, CJ

Here's the assignment sheet again, if you are needing it to find the rubrics to turn in with your revised paper:


Please make sure to bring a revised final copy of your speech (if you have not turned it in already), for me to grade, next class! Be prepared and confident in your speech - I know you will all be great! Let me know if there is anything else I can do to help!

Wednesday, December 7, 2016

Genocide in Rwanda, Day 4 - Class Recap

NEWS: The Rwanda speeches in class will be changing to Thursday, December 15th. I know I said differently in class, but I want to give everyone more time to prepare with their groups in class. Stay safe and see you next week!

Fireworks to start the 2011 US Open, held in New York City, which is where the United Nations meets.

Dear class,

I hope that today was productive for you and your group! I certainly enjoyed reading over your speeches and trying to help everyone revise them. Here's what happened in class today:

Learning Targets:
Knowledge LT 20: I can identify the critical components of imperialism.
Communication LT 1:  I can communicate effectively, both verbally and in writing.

Soundtrack: "Somali Udiida Ceb (Somalia, Don't Shame Yourself)" by Maryam Mursal. Selected because Somalia has a direct impact on why the United States was reluctant to do anything to stop the genocide in Rwanda. Listen to the song here.

AGENDA 12/7/16:
News Brief - Eric (Mr. Fritz)
Hutu Ten Commandments
Peer Review
Group Speech Work

Homework: Read the blog. Revised/edited Rwanda speech due. Bring one copy for me to grade, and your paragraph that your group decided to use for the speech, to work on. The Rwanda resources will help. Next news brief: Alyssa.

News Brief: Eric had the news brief today, but was not in class, so I filled in and selected an article about this story: NPR.org - 'Frantic' Search For Survivors After Earthquake In Indonesia Kills Nearly 100. We found Indonesia in the world map packet and talked about this tragic and developing story.

Alyssa was selected to do the next news brief.

We also watched the one minute BBC World News update. Here's the link to see the latest one minute update, at any time of day (it will probably be different from what we watched in class):


Finally, we checked in about the weekend and what everyone is up to.

Hutu Ten Commandments: I talked about this right after the news, as yet another aspect in the lead up to the Rwandan genocide that students could write about for the speech:


Again, it was not a surprise at all that a genocide occurred, with words like that being used, years in advance. This would count as part of the Polarization stage of genocide.

Peer Review: I passed out a review sheet and went over exactly what everyone should be looking at, as far as their papers being revised. Here it is - if you missed class, please complete it!


Basically, you need to be sure to talk about the United Nations definition of genocide and the role that imperialism (especially Belgium's classification of Hutus and Tutsis) had in starting the ongoing genocide. Here's the Imperialism PowerPoint again, if you wanted to look in more depth. Hint: you cannot say that Hutus are promoting imperialism against the Tutsis. That's not imperialism at all.


I tried to give feedback on as many papers during class as I possibly could - I apologize for not being able to get through everyone! Fortunately, the groups should have helped a lot in revisions, too.

Group Speech Work Time: The rest of the class was devoted to working on the speech in groups. Next class, you will be refining and practicing your speeches. The groups are (some may have six, which means that the group will have four middle speakers on speech day):

Group 1: Sanjana, Acharya, Jay, Nick, Shea

Group 2: Elijah, Nikhil, Madison, Alyssa, Anecia

Group 3: Alex, Victor, Leah, Daisy, Alondra

Group 4: Matthew, Teja, Paris, Nate, Hailey

Group 5: Garrett, Karly, David, Kinjal, Ed

Group 6: Jungmi, Anish, Eric, Ashwin, Rachel

Group 7: Shriyan, Carter, Kira, Gina, CJ

I used the Random.org List Generator to make the groups. :-)

While everyone worked in groups, I tried as hard as I could to look at the papers that were turned in and immediately get them back with feedback. Here were the elements I most commonly saw as being needed for addition in the speeches:

1) Need to mention United Nations definition of genocide, made in 1948, after the Holocaust.
2) Need to connect classification of the Hutus and Tutsis to the legacy of Belgium’s imperialism.
3) Asking the United Nations for something SPECIFIC. Not just “do something.” Say “more troops” “more funding” “more awareness – declare this as what it is: genocide.”

Here are the directions, from earlier in the unit:

The final assignment for the unit and before break is a speech before a mock United Nations, in class. You will be pretending that it is April 24, 1994 - the actual date that arguments were ongoing at the United Nations Security Council about how to respond to the conflict in Rwanda.

There are a few steps in the process to prepare for the speech, which will be given next week (Tuesday for A Day, Wednesday for B Day). The first is to write a persuasive essay (in the form of a speech you could give).. Here's the assignment:


As a reminder, this will eventually be a formal speech before break that you give as a part of a group, in front of the class, with myself and another teacher and/or administrator (like Dr. Franco) listening. You are going to need to persuade us to act and do something!

To prepare for this, I passed out a class set of copies of three things:

1) The United Nations definition of genocide, as agreed to by the world in 1949. This is helpful, because if you can persuade the United Nations that genocide is occurring in Rwanda, they HAVE to act (because that's what they agreed to).

2) The Eight Stages of Genocide. I read over the stages, but not all of the content describing them. There is a lot of information that might help you craft your speech! You can certainly talk about every stage of genocide, occurring in Rwanda, up to April 24, 1994. Here are some hints on how to do this.

3) A reading that goes over more of the history in Rwanda, what happened during the genocide, and the end. Remember, you can't talk about anything after April 24, 1994, but you can make predictions as to what will happen if the United Nations refuses to act! The reading is pages 5-10 here:


Another resource that might help could be your Cornell Notes from last class, which was on this presentation:


Please be sure to ask me if you have any questions or need help in any way! I'm really excited to see what you can come up with! :-)

Monday, December 5, 2016

Genocide in Rwanda, Day 3 - Class Recap

A young Egyptian guy, who wanted me to take his picture in front of the pyramids in Cairo. Photo taken in 2014.

Hi everyone,

Two more weeks of work until a nice break! Lots to do - today, we looked more into Imperialism and Privilege, as I asked students to think about how they may have impacted Rwanda. Here's what happened in class today:

Learning Targets:
Knowledge LT 20: I can identify the critical components of imperialism.
Communication LT 1:  I can communicate effectively, both verbally and in writing.
Critical Thinking LT 1: I can explain multiple perspectives and viewpoints.

Soundtrack: "Africa for Norway" by SAIH - The Norwegian Students’ and Academics’ International Assistance Fund. I was projecting this video as students walked in - it is a humorous look at stereotyping, and how Norwegians should not stereotype Africans, because what if the opposite happened. I read the reasoning behind the video in class.

AGENDA 12/5/16:
News Brief - Garrett
Imperialism
Privilege
Speech Work Time

Homework: Read the blog. Rwanda speech due - bring it on your Chromebook. The Rwanda resources will help. Next news brief: Eric

News Brief: Garrett had the news brief today and selected an article about this story: Reuters.com - China says Iran nuclear deal participants should stick to pact, despite internal changes. I talked about what the Iran deal was all about and the possible impacts of President-elect Trump saying it was terrible and should be renegotiated. We found the China on the world map packet and noted we did a news brief there.

Eric was selected to do the next news brief.

We also watched the one minute BBC World News update. Here's the link to see the latest one minute update, at any time of day (it will probably be different from what we watched in class):


Imperialism: Next, I went over the concepts of imperialism and colonialism, in the form of a PowerPoint. Students took notes (if you took Cornell Notes, all the better) on the presentation.


One of the learning targets associated with this unit is Knowledge LT 20: I can identify the critical components of imperialism. This presentation was to help students understand how to do that, especially in regards to how Belgium had an impact in Rwanda, long after the independence in 1962.

Privilege: Another component of how we look at people in the world is the concept of privilege. Specifically, white privilege - a system of advantages some people get over others, that are often not even recognized. Here is the reading we went through, by Peggy McIntosh:


Basically, I am asking everyone to think about how our privilege here in America (of being a world superpower) relates to our study of Rwanda. Specifically, I think that race has a lot to do with it. We did a quiet activity with this document, which I think was pretty powerful (the Westview teachers recently did this, too). Thank you for your participation here.

As part of this section, I also provided some counter stories to the negativity surrounding Africa. In particular, I highlighted these:


This was about how the highest levels of educational achievement in the United States are from African immigrants.


Since some people believe that Africa is very far behind in technology (and to be certain, some places are), I pointed out this story, which is about how Kenya has a system that is the best in the world for sending payments on the go.

I also showed RisingAfrica.org, which has lots of stories about the positive sides of Africa.

Finally, as a challenge assignment for the TAG students in the class, I read the first part of this long article on Paul Kagame, the President of Rwanda. If you want to learn more about why the balance in assessing Kagame is so tricky, and enjoy a reading challenge, here's the entire article:


The first part has to do with how clean and safe Kigali is now, which is related to the counter stories I was trying to present.

Speech Work Time: The rest of the class (about 30 minutes) was devoted to working on your speech. Here are the directions, from last class:

The final assignment for the unit and before break is a speech before a mock United Nations, in class. You will be pretending that it is April 24, 1994 - the actual date that arguments were ongoing at the United Nations Security Council about how to respond to the conflict in Rwanda.

There are a few steps in the process to prepare for the speech, which will be given next week. The first is to write a persuasive essay (in the form of a speech you could give). This is due in class (typed, on your Chromebook) next class. Here's the assignment:


As a reminder, this will eventually be a formal speech before break that you give as a part of a group, in front of the class, with myself and another teacher and/or administrator (like Dr. Franco) listening. You are going to need to persuade us to act and do something!

To prepare for this, I passed out a class set of copies of three things:

1) The United Nations definition of genocide, as agreed to by the world in 1949. This is helpful, because if you can persuade the United Nations that genocide is occurring in Rwanda, they HAVE to act (because that's what they agreed to).

2) The Eight Stages of Genocide. I read over the stages, but not all of the content describing them. There is a lot of information that might help you craft your speech! You can certainly talk about every stage of genocide, occurring in Rwanda, up to April 24, 1994. Here are some hints on how to do this.

3) A reading that goes over more of the history in Rwanda, what happened during the genocide, and the end. Remember, you can't talk about anything after April 24, 1994, but you can make predictions as to what will happen if the United Nations refuses to act! The reading is pages 5-10 here:


Another resource that might help could be your Cornell Notes from last class, which was on this presentation:


Please be sure to ask me if you have any questions or need help in any way! I'm really excited to see what you can come up with! :-)

Thursday, December 1, 2016

Genocide in Rwanda, Day 2 - Class Recap


The results for our class when I asked students to think about five things that come to mind when we think about Africa. I mean, the comparison with Europe makes the differences pretty startling, right?

Dear class,

Today is always one of my favorite days to teach. Not because it is particularly fun to talk about genocide, but because it is SO important that we stop ignoring it, and especially the continent of Africa. If I ignored it, when would you hear about it? What associations would you continue to make? Here's what happened in class today:

Learning Targets:
Knowledge LT 20: I can identify the critical components of imperialism.
Communication LT 1:  I can communicate effectively, both verbally and in writing.
Critical Thinking LT 1: I can explain multiple perspectives and viewpoints.

Soundtrack: "My Generation" by The Who. Selected for today because it is your generation that can change the world for the better. Lyrics here.

AGENDA 12/1/16:
News Brief – Elijah
Debrief Pop Quiz
Scream Bloody Murder
United Nations Speech

Homework: Read the blog, and look at for Rwanda resources, and continue working on your United Nations speech. Next news brief: Garrett.

News Brief: Elijah had the news brief today and selected an article (with some help from me!) about this story: NPR.org - Before Deadly Crash In Colombia, Pilot Said He Was Out Of Fuel. This was a story from this weekend - there was also the breaking news of a peace deal being signed today in Colombia, as well. We found Colombia on the world map packet and noted we did a news brief there.

Garrett was selected to do the next news brief.

We also watched the one minute BBC World News update. Here's the link to see the latest one minute update, at any time of day (it will probably be different from what we watched in class):


Finally, we checked in about the weekend and what everyone is up to.

Debrief Pop Quiz: I always enjoy looking at what we know when it comes to Europe and Africa. Here is the PowerPoint with the combined results for your class answers:


It was only fair that I showed my own results, from when I was given this quiz when I was in graduate school, and I said much the same thing. Here's my actual paper from 2008:



As I tried to forcefully point out in class: isn't this stunning? We know that Africa is a place of enormous need. Why don't we know much more about it, then? Why don't we help our fellow human beings, instead of ignoring them and not learning anything about the continent? Taking this quiz inspired me to make sure to talk about the Rwandan genocide (which was only 20 years ago) in my Global Studies classes. It's why it is my favorite unit of the year and one that I have a lot of emotional investment in. I care, and I think it's important that students care about people in the world.

Scream Bloody Murder: This was a section of a documentary from CNN, that aired in 2008 (not so coincidentally, right as I was about to teach this unit for the first time). Here are the three videos I showed in class (caution: some of the material is graphic and difficult to watch and/or listen to):





United Nations Speech:
 I hope that you watched those videos and felt frustrated, angry, and upset. The fact that the United Nations (the global community of countries) and the United States (as the most powerful country in the world) did little, if anything, to prevent or stop the worst genocide in modern world history, is awful.

So, the final assignment for the unit and before break is a speech before a mock United Nations, in class. You will be pretending that it is April 24, 1994 - the actual date that arguments were ongoing at the United Nations Security Council about how to respond to the conflict in Rwanda.

There are a few steps in the process to prepare for the speech, which will be given on Tuesday, December 13th. The first is to write a persuasive essay (in the form of a speech you could give). This is due in class (TWO COPIES, typed - or, just use your Chromebook) next Wednesday, December 7th. Here's the assignment:


As a reminder, this will eventually be a formal speech before break that you give as a part of a group, in front of the class, with myself and another teacher and/or administrator (your class will have Westview's Principal, Dr. Franco) listening. You are going to need to persuade us to act and do something!

To prepare for this, I passed out a class set of copies of three things:

1) The United Nations definition of genocide, as agreed to by the world in 1949. This is helpful, because if you can persuade the United Nations that genocide is occurring in Rwanda, they HAVE to act (because that's what they agreed to).

2) The Eight Stages of Genocide. I read over the stages, but not all of the content describing them. There is a lot of information that might help you craft your speech! You can certainly talk about every stage of genocide, occurring in Rwanda, up to April 24, 1994. Here are some hints on how to do this.

3) A reading that goes over more of the history in Rwanda, what happened during the genocide, and the end. Remember, you can't talk about anything after April 24, 1994, but you can make predictions as to what will happen if the United Nations refuses to act! The reading is pages 5-10 here:


Another resource that might help could be your Cornell Notes from last class, which was on this presentation:


There is definitely a LOT to think about here. I am confident that you can write a five paragraph essay in a week! Next class, I will go over the concept of imperialism and colonialism more, and then give the rest of the class as prep time. The typed copy of your individual speech will be due the following class.

Please be sure to ask me if you have any questions or need help in any way! I'm really excited to see what you can come up with! :-)